Seizures in Neonates: Diagnosis and Management in the Emergency Department (Pharmacology CME) | Digest
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Seizures in Neonates: Diagnosis and Management in the Emergency Department (Pharmacology CME)

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Points & Pearls Excerpt

  • Compared to seizures in older children, neonatal seizures can be subtle and difficult to diagnose, leading to higher mortality, worse prognosis, and long-term neurodevelopmental sequelae.
  • The leading causes of neonatal seizures are hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy from birth trauma, vascular disorders, infections, and acquired metabolic derangements. Brain malformations, inherited seizure disorders, drug sequelae, and kernicterus can also lead to seizures.
  • The age of the neonate at the time of seizure presentation can aid in determining etiology, as can maternal, perinatal, and feeding histories. Physical examination findings such as macrocephaly, bulging fontanelle, facial dysmorphisms, organomegaly, congenital rashes, skin lesions, and myoclonus can also aid in diagnosis.
  • Seizures in neonates are most often focal, with abnormal eye movements as the most common manifestation. Focal tonic-clonic extremity movements, arm or leg pedaling movements, tongue thrusting, and lip-smacking can also be presenting signs.
  • Treatable causes of seizures include derangements in glucose, sodium, calcium, magnesium, and pyridoxine. Hyponatremia should be corrected slowly to decrease risk of pontine demyelination syndrome.

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Publication Information
Authors

Melissa L. Langhan, MD, MHS, FAAP; Brielle Stanton, MD

Peer Reviewed By

Nicole Gerber, MD; Quyen Luc, MD

Publication Date

June 1, 2020

CME Expiration Date

June 1, 2023    CME Information

CME Credits

4 AMA PRA Category 1 Credits™, 4 ACEP Category I Credits, 4 AAP Prescribed Credits, 4 AOA Category 2-A or 2-B Credits.
Specialty CME Credits: Included as part of the 4 credits, this CME activity is eligible for 2 Pharmacology CME credits

Pub Med ID: 32470245

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Publication Information
Authors

Melissa L. Langhan, MD, MHS, FAAP; Brielle Stanton, MD

Peer Reviewed By

Nicole Gerber, MD; Quyen Luc, MD

Publication Date

June 1, 2020

CME Expiration Date

June 1, 2023

CME Credits

4 AMA PRA Category 1 Credits™, 4 ACEP Category I Credits, 4 AAP Prescribed Credits, 4 AOA Category 2-A or 2-B Credits.
Specialty CME Credits: Included as part of the 4 credits, this CME activity is eligible for 2 Pharmacology CME credits

Pub Med ID: 32470245

Get Permission

CME Information

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