Evaluation and Management of Hypotensive Patients in the Emergency Department (Pharmacology CME)

CME Information

Date of Original Release: December 1, 2023. Date of most recent review: November 10, 2023. Termination date: December 1, 2026.

Accreditation: EB Medicine is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) to provide continuing medical education for physicians.

Credit Designation: EB Medicine designates this enduring material for a maximum of 4 AMA PRA Category 1 Credits^TM. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

Specialty CME: Included as part of the 4 credits, this CME activity is eligible for 1 Pharmacology CME credit.

ACEP Accreditation: Emergency Medicine Practice is approved by the American College of Emergency Physicians for 48 hours of ACEP Category I credit per annual subscription.

AAFP Accreditation: The AAFP has reviewed Emergency Medicine Practice, and deemed it acceptable for AAFP credit. Term of approval is from 07/01/2023 to 06/30/2024. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. This session, Evaluation and Management of Hypotensive Patients in the Emergency Department is approved for 4.0 enduring material AAFP Prescribed credits.

AOA Accreditation: Emergency Medicine Practice is eligible for 4 Category 2-B credit hours per issue by the American Osteopathic Association.

Needs Assessment: The need for this educational activity was determined by a practice gap analysis; a survey of medical staff, including the editorial board of this publication; review of morbidity and mortality data from the CDC, AHA, NCHS, and ACEP; and evaluation responses from prior educational activities for emergency physicians.

Target Audience: This enduring material is designed for emergency medicine physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and residents.

Goals: Upon completion of this activity, you should be able to: (1) identify areas in practice that require modification to be consistent with current evidence in order to improve competence and performance; (2) develop strategies to accurately diagnose and treat both common and critical ED presentations; and (3) demonstrate informed medical decision-making based on the strongest clinical evidence.

CME Objectives: Upon completion of this article, you should be able to: (1) describe the core physiologic concepts of perfusion pressure, blood flow, cardiac output, and systemic vascular resistance; (2) describe how clinical assessments of perfusion can be integrated to help distinguish hypotension and shock; (3) describe and illustrate key findings on history, physical examination, and point-of-care ultrasound that can be helpful in elucidating the most likely cause of a patient’s hypotension; and (4) select key treatment interventions for some of the most common etiologies of hypotension.

Discussion of Investigational Information: As part of the activity, faculty may be presenting investigational information about pharmaceutical products that is outside Food and Drug Administration approved labeling. Information presented as part of this activity is intended solely as continuing medical education and is not intended to promote off-label use of any pharmaceutical product.

Disclosure: It is the policy of EB Medicine to ensure objectivity, balance, independence, transparency, and scientific rigor in all CME activities. All individuals in a position to control content have disclosed all financial relationships with ACCME-defined ineligible companies. EB Medicine has assessed all relationships with ineligible companies disclosed, identified those financial relationships deemed relevant, and appropriately mitigated all relevant financial relationships based on each individual’s role(s). Please find disclosure information for this activity below:

Planners

• Daniel J. Egan, MD (Course Director): Has no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies
• Andy Jagoda, MD (Editor-in-Chief):
  • Pfizer (Consultant/Advisor)
  • Janssen (Consultant/Advisor)
  • Abbott Laboratories (Consultant/Advisor)
  • AstraZeneca (Consultant/Advisor)
• Kaushal Shah, MD (Associate Editor-in-Chief): Has no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies

Faculty
The faculty below have no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies.

• Nickolas Srica, MD (Author)
• Clark I. Strunk, MD (Author)
• Beulah Augustin, MD (Peer Reviewer)
• Colin Pesyna, MD (Peer Reviewer)
• Aimee Mishler, PharmD (Pharmacology Editor)
• Joseph D. Toscano, MD (Research Editor)
• Dorothy Whisenhunt, MS (Content Editor)
• Cheryl Belton, PhD (Content Editor)

Earning Credit: Learners can earn credit by going to www.ebmedicine.net and selecting the test they wish to complete. To receive credit, they must score 100% on the test and complete the evaluation. After completing these steps, a CME certificate will be emailed to them.

Additional Policies: For additional policies, including our statement of conflict of interest, source of funding, statement of informed consent, and statement of human and animal rights, visit https://www.ebmedicine.net/policies.