This issue reviews the etiology and pathophysiology of child-specific fractures, as well as common injuries of the upper and lower extremities. Evidence-based recommendations for management of pediatric fractures, including appropriate diagnostic studies and treatment, are also discussed. (No CME for this activity).

This review provides a best-practice approach to the diagnosis and management of renal and genitourinary injuries, with an emphasis on the systematic approach needed to identify subtle injuries and avoid long-term urinary sequelae such as hypertension, incontinence, erectile dysfunction, chronic kidney disease, and nephrectomy. (No CME for this activity).

This issue provides guidance regarding factors that contribute to abuse in children, key findings on history and physical examination that should trigger an evaluation for physical abuse, and laboratory and radiologic tests to perform when child abuse is suspected. (No CME for this activity).

This issue provides a systematic review of the literature on common acute traumatic and atraumatic dental emergencies with a focus on the historical and physical examination findings that must be understood to identify life-threatening infections, relieve pain, salvage natural teeth, and communicate with specialists in the further management of patients after emergency treatment. (No CME for this activity).

A detailed reference on how to identify and treat injuries to the face by physical examination and imaging, including assessing complications of maxillofacial trauma. (No CME for this activity).

This issue discusses methods to maintain adequate oxygenation, maximize management of intracranial hypertension, and optimize blood pressure in the emergency department to improve neurologic outcomes following pediatric severe traumatic brain injury. Includes 4 AMA PRA Category 1 Credits™. Included as part of the 4 credits, this CME activity is eligible for 4 Trauma CME and 1 Pharmacology CME credits. CME expires on 10/1/2019

This study guide, available online, is designed to prepare emergency medicine physicians to pass the ABEM exam, as required to maintain board certification. It includes our "pass-or-it's-free" guarantee, as well as 35 AMA PRA Category 1 CME Credits™ (Specialty CME credits also included: 3 hours trauma credit, and 6 hours ethics credit) (CME expires 11/30/2023).

Focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of patients with blunt injuries to the chest, ribs and lung. Decision rules for chest x-ray, CT and bedside lung ultrasonography; treatment controversies including the limitations of needle thoracostomy using standard needle, chest tube placement, and chest tube size. Also airway and ventilation management. Includes 4 AMA PRA Category 1 Credits™. Included as part of the 4 credits, this CME activity is eligible for 4 Trauma CME credits. CME expires on 06/01/2019.

In-depth look at the treatment of human and animal bites, including the timing of wound closure, the use of prophylactic antibiotics, and the latest recommendations for rabies postexposure prophylaxis (PEP). Includes 4 AMA PRA Category 1 Credits™. Included as part of the 4 credits, this CME activity is eligible for 4 Trauma CME and 0.5 Pharmacology CME credits. CME expires on 4/1/2019

This issue reviews current approaches to prehospital immobilization, identification of low-risk patients who may be clinically cleared from immobilization, a rational approach to the use of radiologic imaging, and the existing evidence for medical management of spinal cord injuries.

The use and limitations of the FAST examination in patients with blunt pelvic trauma, including the when to perform the exam during the trauma survey and how FAST can be used for abdominal trauma with pelvic injuries. Includes 4 AMA PRA Category 1 Credits™. Included as part of the 4 credits, this CME activity is eligible for 4 Trauma CME credits. CME expires on 03/01/2019.

Evidence-based recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of ocular trauma: ocular burn, corneal abrasion, retrobulbar hemorrhage, open glob injury, traumatic hyphema, retinal detachment, vitreous hemorrhage, lens dislocation. Includes 4 AMA PRA Category 1 Credits™. Included as part of the 4 credits, this CME activity is eligible for 4 Trauma CME credits and 0.5 Pharmacology CME credits. CME expires on 11/01/2018.

Resuscitating and treating adult drowning patients in the emergency department, including pathophysiology of drowning and concerns such as hypothermia, mechanical ventilation, and trauma. Includes 4 AMA PRA Category 1 Credits™. Included as part of the 4 credits, this CME activity is eligible for 4 Trauma CME credits. CME expires on 05/01/2018.

This review discusses the clinical evaluation and management of high-morbidity hand injuries in the context of the current evidence.

This review examines the effects of blunt trauma to the pediatric chest, as well as its relevant etiologies and associated mortality. Diagnostic and treatment options for commonly encountered injuries such as pulmonary contusions, rib fractures, and pneumothoraces are examined. Additionally, this review discusses rarely encountered-yet highly lethal-chest wall injuries such as blunt cardiac injuries, commotio cordis, nonaccidental trauma, and aortic injuries.

A critical appraisal of the existing guidelines for the management of motor vehicle trauma and for the use of appropriate child-safety restraints is presented.

Traumatic brain injury is the most common cause of death and disability in young people, with an annual financial burden of over $50 billion per year in the United States.

This review assesses the burgeoning research in the field and reviews current clinical guidelines and decision rules on mild traumatic brain injury, addressing the concept of serial examinations to identify clinically significant intracranial injury, the approach to pediatric and elderly patients, and the management of patients who are on anticoagulants or antiplatelet agents or have bleeding disorders.

This evidence-based review summarizes the pathophysiology, historical factors, diagnostic strategies, and demographics that influence the experience of pain and provides recommendations for a variety of treatment options.

This issue reviews the physics of ballistics as it relates to the tracts and patterns of tissue injury caused by different types of firearms and missiles, and it takes a regional approach to reviewing the current evidence for managing gunshot wounds to the head, neck, thorax, abdomen, genitourinary (GU) system, extremities, and soft tissues. Current guidelines as well as new research and evidence regarding fluid resuscitation, airway management, evaluation strategies, drug therapies, and documentation are discussed.

This issue of Emergency Medicine Practice focuses on advances in knowledge that should fundamentally change how we treat trauma patients in hemorrhagic shock. The best available evidence from the literature suggests that we must shift away from the paradigms that have guided emergency clinicians in the past.

There is a broad consensus in favor of less invasive procedures and more conservative management of traumatic renal injuries if the patient is stable; the exception would be cases of severe injury, such as injury to the vascular pedicle or complete laceration of the ureteropelvic junction.

This issue of Emergency Medicine Practice focuses on determining which patients will benefit from regional anesthesia and how to perform the most common facial anesthesia procedures.

Nearly all pediatricians avail themselves to pediatric advanced life support (PALS) training and certification. Most of us blindly accept the PALS guidelines as being true and unquestioningly commit them to memory. But is there evidence that PALS works? Who comes up with these guidelines and how do they do it? How do these guidelines work and what happens after the initial resuscitation steps have been completed? This article addresses these questions.

This issue of Pediatric Emergency Medicine Practice reviews the available research on mammalian bite wounds in children to help the emergency clinician choose a strategy for managing the care of their pediatric patients.