Relevant primary literature was identified by a search of the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PubMed, and Ovid MEDLINE®. Search terms included alcohol withdrawal syndrome, alcohol withdrawal seizure, alcoholic hallucinosis, alcoholic hallucinations, and delirium tremens . We reviewed only reports available in the English language and excluded outpatient studies. Using the same search terms, relevant review literature was identified. Select case reports and case series were utilized where clinical trial literature was lacking. The bibliographies of major toxicology textbooks9,10 and review articles11-20 were also queried to ensure relevant literature was not overlooked.
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