Evidence-based medicine requires a critical appraisal of the literature based upon study methodology and number of subjects. Not all references are equally robust. The findings of a large, prospective, randomized, and blinded trial should carry more weight than a case report.

To help the reader judge the strength of each reference, pertinent information about the study, such as the type of study and the number of patients in the study, will be included in bold type following the reference, where available.

1. Roesler TA, Jenny C. Medical Child Abuse: Beyond M?nchausen Syndrome by Proxy. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2009. (Textbook) 
2. Stirling J; American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect. Beyond M?nchausen syndrome by proxy: identification and treatment of child abuse in a medical setting. Pediatrics. 2007;119(5):1026-1030. (Literature review) 
3. Meadow R. M?nchausen syndrome by proxy: the hinterland of child abuse. Lancet. 1977;2(8033): 343-345. (Case report and review of literature) 
4. Ayoub CC, Alexander R, Beck D, et al. Position paper: definitional issues in M?nchausen by proxy. Child Maltreat. 2002;7(2):105-111. (Literature review) 
5. Brown P, Tierney C. M?nchausen syndrome by proxy. Pediatr Rev. 2009;30(10):414-415. (Literature review) 
6. Schreier H. M?nchausen by proxy defined. Pediatrics. 2002;110(5):985-988. (Literature review) 
7. Parnell TF. Guidelines for identifying cases. In: Parnell TF, Day DO, eds. M?nchausen by Proxy Syndrome: Misunderstood Child Abuse. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 1998:47-67. (Textbook) 
8. Rosenberg DA. M?nchausen syndrome by proxy. In: Reece RM, Christian C, eds. Child Abuse: Medical Diagnosis and Management. 3rd ed. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2009. (Textbook) 
9. Rosenberg DA. Web of deceit: a literature review of M?nchausen syndrome by proxy. Child Abuse Negl. 1987;11(4):547-563. (Case report and review of literature) 
10. Meadow R. M?nchausen syndrome by proxy abuse perpetrated by men. Arch Dis Child. 1998;78(3):210-216. (Case report and review of literature) 
11. Fisher GC. Etiological speculations. In: Levin AV, Sheridan MS, eds. M?nchausen Syndrome by Proxy: Issues in Diagnosis and Treatment. New York, NY: Lexington Books; 1995:39-58. (Textbook) 
12. Rosenberg D. From lying to homicide: the spectrum of M?nchausen syndrome by proxy. In: Levin AV, Sheridan MS, eds. M?nchausen Syndrome by Proxy: Issues in Diagnosis and Treatment. New York, NY: Lexington Books; 1995:13-37. (Textbook) 
13. MacGregor DL. Neurological manifestations. In: Levin AV, Sheridan MS, eds. M?nchausen Syndrome by Proxy: Issues in Diagnosis and Treatment. New York, NY: Lexington Books; 1995:239-246. (Textbook) 
14. Christian C. Hematologic manifestations. In: Levin AV, Sheridan MS, eds. M?nchausen Syndrome by Proxy: Issues in Diagnosis and Treatment. New York, NY: Lexington Books; 1995:129-142. (Textbook) 
15. Light JL. Respiratory manifestations. In: Levin AV, Sheridan 2010MS, eds. M?nchausen Syndrome by Proxy: Issues in Diagnosis and Treatment. New York, NY: Lexington Books; 1995:103-120. (Textbook) 
16. Chuang E, Piccoli DA. Gastrointestinal manifestations. In: Levin AV, Sheridan MS, eds. M?nchausen Syndrome by Proxy: Issues in Diagnosis and Treatment. New York, NY: Lexington Books; 1995:121-128. (Textbook)
17. Mian M, Huyer D. Infection and fever. In: Levin AV, Sheridan MS, eds. M?nchausen Syndrome by Proxy: Issues in Diagnosis and Treatment. New York, NY: Lexington Books; 1995:161-180. (Textbook) 
18. Johnson CF. Dermatologic manifestations. In: Levin AV, Sheridan MS, eds. M?nchausen Syndrome by Proxy: Issues in Diagnosis and Treatment. New York, NY: Lexington Books; 1995:189-200. (Textbook) 
19. Mian M. A multidisciplinary approach. In: Levin AV, Sheridan MS, eds. M?nchausen Syndrome by Proxy: Issues in Diagnosis and Treatment. New York, NY: Lexington Books; 1995:271-286. (Textbook) 
20. Seibel MA, Parnell TF. The physician's role in confirming the diagnosis. In: Parnell TF, Day DO, eds. M?nchausen by Proxy Syndrome: Misunderstood Child Abuse. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 1998:68-94. (Textbook) 
21. Day DO, Parnell TF. Setting the treatment framework. In: Parnell TF, Day DO, eds. M?nchausen by Proxy Syndrome: Misunderstood Child Abuse. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 1998:151-166. (Textbook) 
22. Day DO, Ojeda-Castro MD. Therapy with family members. In: Levin AV, Sheridan MS, eds. M?nchausen Syndrome by Proxy: Issues in Diagnosis and Treatment. New York, NY: Lexington Books; 1995:202-218. (Textbook) 
23. Hall DE, Eubanks L, Meyyazhagan LS, Kenney RD, Johnson SC, Johnson K. Evaluation of covert video surveillance in the diagnosis of M?nchausen syndrome by proxy: lessons from 41 cases. Pediatrics. 2000;105(6):1305-1312. (Retrospective review; 41 cases)